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Hydrolastic is a type of space-efficient automotive suspension system used in many cars produced by British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successor companies. Invented by British rubber engineer Alex Moulton , and first used on the 1962 BMC project ADO16 under designer Alec Issigonis , later to be launched as the Morris 1100 .
A system dubbed Hydrolastic was introduced in 1962 on Morris 1100, and went on to be used on a variety of BMC models. Hydrolastic was developed by suspension engineer Alex Moulton, and used rubber cones as the springing medium (these were first used on the 1959 Mini) with suspension units on each side connected to each other by a fluid-filled pipe.
For example, the absolute pressure compared to vacuum is p = ρ g Δ z + p 0 , {\displaystyle p=\rho g\Delta z+p_{\mathrm {0} },} where Δ z {\displaystyle \Delta z} is the total height of the liquid column above the test area to the surface, and p 0 is the atmospheric pressure , i.e., the pressure calculated from the remaining integral over ...
A key feature of the diagram is that the amount of energy expended or received by the system as work can be measured because the net work is represented by the area enclosed by the four lines. In the figure, the processes 1-2-3 produce a work output, but processes from 3-4-1 require a smaller energy input to return to the starting position ...
Example of a system context diagram. [1] A system context diagram in engineering is a diagram that defines the boundary between the system, or part of a system, and its environment, showing the entities that interact with it. [2] This diagram is a high level view of a system. It is similar to a block diagram.
This version of the kinematic diagram has proven effective in enumerating kinematic structures in the process of machine design. [2] An important consideration in this design process is the degree of freedom of the system of links and joints, which is determined using the Chebychev–Grübler–Kutzbach criterion.
The state diagram from Figure 2 is an example of an extended state machine, in which the complete condition of the system (called the extended state) is the combination of a qualitative aspect—the state variable—and the quantitative aspects—the extended state variables.
The length of the lines for members 1 and 4 in the diagram, multiplied with the chosen scale factor is the magnitude of the force in members 1 and 4. Now, in the same way the forces in members 2 and 6 can be found for joint C ; force in member 1 (going up/right), force in C going down, force in 2 (going down/left), force in 6 (going up/left ...