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Researchers focusing solely on whether their results are statistically significant might report findings that are not substantive [46] and not replicable. [47] [48] There is also a difference between statistical significance and practical significance. A study that is found to be statistically significant may not necessarily be practically ...
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Pattern A is statistically equivalent, pattern B is statistically different from 0, pattern C is practically insignificant, and pattern D is inconclusive (neither statistically different from 0 nor equivalent). Equivalence tests can be performed in addition to null-hypothesis significance tests.
One technique used in factorial designs is to minimize replication (possibly no replication with support of analytical trickery) and to combine groups when effects are found to be statistically (or practically) insignificant. An experiment with many insignificant factors may collapse into one with a few factors supported by many replications. [44]
Data dredging (also known as data snooping or p-hacking) [1] [a] is the misuse of data analysis to find patterns in data that can be presented as statistically significant, thus dramatically increasing and understating the risk of false positives.
In broad usage, the "practical clinical significance" answers the question, how effective is the intervention or treatment, or how much change does the treatment cause. In terms of testing clinical treatments, practical significance optimally yields quantified information about the importance of a finding, using metrics such as effect size, number needed to treat (NNT), and preventive fraction ...
The F statistics of the omnibus test is: = = (¯ ¯) = = (¯) Where, ¯ is the overall sample mean, ¯ is the group j sample mean, k is the number of groups and n j is sample size of group j. The F statistic is distributed F (k-1,n-k),(α) under assumption of null hypothesis and normality assumption.
Tukey's range test, also known as Tukey's test, Tukey method, Tukey's honest significance test, or Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test, [1] is a single-step multiple comparison procedure and statistical test.