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Frock coats, albeit often in other colours than black, survive until this day in the livery of hotel staff. King Tupou VI of Tonga (born 1959) is a frequent wearer of frock coats. Examples of frock coats in fashion in the 21st century include Alexander McQueen in 2012, [12] Prada's autumn edition in 2012, and Paul Smith in 2018. [13]
Man's wool and silk twill frock coat, France (1816–20), illustrating the shift from previous 18th century connotations of a frock to early 19th century definition of a (dark) frock coat. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Some late in the 18th century versions had it made with a cutaway front without a waist seam.
Working-class people in 18th century England and America often wore the same garments as fashionable people—shirts, waistcoats, coats and breeches for men, and shifts, petticoats, and dresses or jackets for women—but they owned fewer clothes and what they did own was made of cheaper and sturdier fabrics.
Although originally designed as sporting wear, frock coats gradually came into fashion as everyday wear. The frock coat was cut with a turned down collar, reduced side pleats, and small, round cuffs, sometimes cut with a slit to allow for added movement. Sober, natural colors were worn, and coats were made from woolen cloth, or a wool and silk mix.
These coats were made of ornate fabrics like silk and brocade, and decorated with elaborate embroidery and lace. [3] The justacorps should be distinguished as different from the frock coat, which was less ornate, differed in cut and silhouette, and not worn popularly until the late 18th century.
Girls did not wear jackets or bedgowns. Boys wore shirts, breeches, waistcoats and coats a man would, but often wore their necks open, and the coat was fitted and trimmed differently from a man's, and boys often went bareheaded. During some decades of the 18th Century, boys' shirts and coats had different collars and cuffs than a man's.
From the 18th century, however, tailcoats evolved into general forms of day and evening formal wear, in parallel to how the lounge suit succeeded the frock coat (19th century) and the justacorps (18th century). Thus, in 21st-century Western dress codes for men, mainly two types of tailcoats have survived:
The frock coat was still the standard garment for all formal or business occasions, and a tailcoat was worn in the evenings. [6] Towards the end of the 19th century, the modern lounge suit was born as a very informal garment meant only to be worn for sports, in the country, or at the seaside.
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