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Brine (or briny water) is a high-concentration solution of salt (typically sodium chloride or calcium chloride) in water.In diverse contexts, brine may refer to the salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of that of solutions used for brining foods) up to about 26% (a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature).
Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 –5.96 –5.87 K b & K f [1] Lauric acid: 298.9 44 –3.9 Acetic acid: 1.04 117.9 3.14 16.6 ...
A 52% solution of potassium formate has a freezing point of −60 °C (−76 °F). [7] Potassium formate brines are sometimes used for heat transfer, despite being much more corrosive than many other liquid coolants, especially to zinc and aluminum but even to many steels, [8] though some formulations are compatible with aluminum and steels. [9]
The brine-rich water remains liquid, and its increased density causes this water to sink, setting the stage for the creation of a "brinicle". Its outer edges begin accumulating a layer of ice as the surrounding water, cooled by this jet to below its freezing point, ices up in a tubular or finger shape and becomes self-sustaining.
At 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K), saturated sodium chloride brine is about 28% salt by weight. At 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K), brine can only hold about 26% salt. [3] At 20 °C one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3%. [4]
In the technical terms of physical chemistry, the minimum freezing point of a water-salt mixture is −21.12 °C (−6.02 °F) for 23.31 wt% of salt. Freezing near this concentration is however so slow that the eutectic point of −22.4 °C (−8.3 °F) can be reached with about 25 wt% of salt. [13]
Freezing point of brine [a] 255.37 K 459.67 °Ra 0 °F −17.78 °C −14.224 °Ré Freezing point of water [b] 273.15 K 491.67 °Ra 32 °F 0 °C 0 °Ré Boiling ...
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.