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Elaborative encoding is a mnemonic system that uses some form of elaboration, such as an emotional cue, to assist in the retention of memories and knowledge. [1] In this system one attaches an additional piece of information to a memory task which makes it easier to recall.
Self-referential encoding is a method of organizing information in one's memory in which one interprets incoming information in relation to oneself, using one's self-concept as a background. [1] Examples include being able to attribute personality traits to oneself or to identify recollected episodes as being personal memories of the past. [2]
Free recall is a common task in the psychological study of memory. In this task, participants study a list of items on each trial, and then are prompted to recall the items in any order. [ 1 ] Items are usually presented one at a time for a short duration, and can be any of a number of nameable materials, although traditionally, words from a ...
In 2012, Stanley B. Klein published an article on the self and memory and how it relates to the self-reference effect. In recent years, studies on the self-reference effect have shifted from identifying mechanisms to using the self-reference as a research tool in understanding the nature of memory.
Some studies suggest that auditory weakness is only present for explicit memory (direct recall), rather than implicit memory. [17] When test subjects are presented with auditory versus visual word cues, they only perform worse on directed recall of a spoken word versus a seen word, and perform about equally on implicit free-association tests.
Longer delayed sample test was more often declined than short delayed test because their memory was better after the short delay. Overall, their series of studies demonstrated that rats could distinguish between remembering and forgetting and rule out the possibilities that decline use was modulated by the external cues such as environmental ...
The College Football Playoff got underway Friday but the main course is spread out through Saturday. Three first-round games will be played across three separate campus sites from State College ...
In memory experiments, the modality effect is an example of source clustering, which refers to the tendency of items presented in the same modality to be grouped together during recall. [6] Within-list manipulations of modality affect recall probability, order of recall, and grouping.
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