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[34] [35] However most bird migration is in the range of 150 to 600 m (490–2,000 ft). Bird strike Aviation records from the United States show most collisions occur below 600 m (2,000 ft) and almost none above 1,800 m (5,900 ft). [36] Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by ...
Bird migration is controlled primarily by day length, signalled by hormonal changes in the bird's body. [20] On migration, birds navigate using multiple senses. Many birds use a sun compass, requiring them to compensate for the sun's changing position with time of day. [21] Navigation involves the ability to detect magnetic fields.
An analysis of bird strike data from three airports local to New York City and New Jersey from 2013 to 2018 indicates that 90% of reported bird strikes involved a migratory species, and 50% of strikes occurred during peak annual migration months in the spring and fall. [20]
Zugunruhe is borrowed from German; it is a German compound word consisting of Zug, "move, migration," and unruhe (anxiety, restlessness). The word was first published in 1707, when it was used to describe the "inborn migratory urge" in captive migrants.
The passing of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 in the United States resulted in a need for more information on bird migration. Frederick Charles Lincoln was put in charge and improved methods for trapping and banding, developed record-keeping procedures, recruited banders, fostered international cooperation, and promoted banding as a tool for research and wildlife management.
Ronald Lockley (1903–2000), among many studies of birds in over fifty books, pioneered the science of bird migration. He made a twelve-year study of shearwaters such as the Manx shearwater, living on the remote island of Skokholm. [7]
Human-guided migration or human-led migration is a method of restoring migratory routes of birds bred by humans for their reintroduction into the wild. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a technique especially used for endangered species in which the loss of individuals and territories has caused the disappearance of their migratory routes.
During migration, water birds rely on a system of highly productive wetlands to rest and feed, building up sufficient energy to fuel the next phase of their journey. . International cooperation across their migratory range is therefore essential to conserve and protect migratory water birds and the habitats on which they de