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Ciprofloxacin is weakly bound to serum proteins (20–40%). It is an inhibitor of the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2, which leads to the potential for clinically important drug interactions with drugs metabolized by that enzyme. [5] Ciprofloxacin is about 70% available when administered orally. [3]
"INHIBITORS, INDUCERS AND SUBSTRATES OF CYTOCHROME P450 ISOZYMES". "The Life Raft Group: Long List of Inhibitors and Inducers of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6". "DRUGBANK Online: Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors". "MEDICATIONS METABOLIZED BY CYTOCHROME P450 3A4" (PDF)
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.
Moderate inhibitor being one that causes at least a 2-fold increase in the plasma AUC values of sensitive substrates metabolized through CYP1A2, or 50-80% decrease in clearance thereof. [ 18 ] Weak inhibitor being one that causes at least a 1.25-fold but less than 2-fold increase in the plasma AUC values of sensitive substrates metabolized ...
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: Clinical data; Trade names ... Legal status: Investigational; Ciprofloxacin/celecoxib or PrimeC is a fixed-dose combination of ...
They also inhibit DNA gyrase's ability to bind to DNA instead of inhibiting ATPase activity, and produces several antibiotic classes. [30] These antibiotics are further divided into two group: actinomycin A and actinomycin B. [30] It was shown that both actinomycin A and actinomycin B were highly effective in killing gram-positive bacteria.
Two classes of antibiotics that inhibit gyrase are: The aminocoumarins (including novobiocin and Coumermycin A1), which work by competitive inhibition of energy transduction of DNA gyrase by binding to the ATPase active site on the GyrB subunit. [14] [15] The quinolones (including nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin) are known as topoisomerase ...