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  2. Finkelstein reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finkelstein_reaction

    The classic Finkelstein reaction entails the conversion of an alkyl chloride or an alkyl bromide to an alkyl iodide by treatment with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone. Sodium iodide is soluble in acetone while sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not; [ 3 ] therefore, the reaction is driven toward products by mass action due to the ...

  3. Williamson ether synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamson_ether_synthesis

    The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol . This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [2] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction.

  4. Triphenylphosphine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphenylphosphine

    In the Appel reaction, a mixture of PPh 3 and CX 4 (X = Cl, Br) is used to convert alcohols to alkyl halides. Triphenylphosphine oxide (OPPh 3) is a byproduct. PPh 3 + CBr 4 + RCH 2 OH → OPPh 3 + RCH 2 Br + HCBr 3. This reaction commences with nucleophilic attack of PPh 3 on CBr 4, an extension of the quaternization reaction listed above.

  5. Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelis–Arbuzov_reaction

    The displaced halide anion then usually reacts via another S N 2 reaction on one of the R 1 carbons, displacing the oxygen atom to give the desired phosphonate (4) and another alkyl halide (5). This has been supported by the observation that chiral R 1 groups experience inversion of configuration at the carbon center attacked by the halide anion.

  6. Haloalkane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloalkane

    Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula "RX" where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I). Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the ...

  7. SN1 reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN1_reaction

    This reaction does not depend much on the strength of the nucleophile, unlike the S N 2 mechanism. This type of mechanism involves two steps. The first step is the ionization of alkyl halide in the presence of aqueous acetone or ethyl alcohol. This step provides a carbocation as an intermediate.

  8. Grignard reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grignard_reaction

    A solution of a carbonyl compound is added to a Grignard reagent. (See gallery) An example of a Grignard reaction (R 2 or R 3 could be hydrogen). The Grignard reaction (French:) is an organometallic chemical reaction in which, according to the classical definition, carbon alkyl, allyl, vinyl, or aryl magnesium halides (Grignard reagent) are added to the carbonyl groups of either an aldehyde or ...

  9. Menshutkin reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menshutkin_reaction

    In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide. Similar reactions occur when tertiary phosphines are treated with alkyl halides. Menshutkin-reaction. The reaction is the method of choice for the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts. [1]