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  2. Entropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy

    A substance at non-uniform temperature is at a lower entropy (than if the heat distribution is allowed to even out) and some of the thermal energy can drive a heat engine. A special case of entropy increase, the entropy of mixing , occurs when two or more different substances are mixed.

  3. Entropy (classical thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(classical...

    Figure 1. A thermodynamic model system. Differences in pressure, density, and temperature of a thermodynamic system tend to equalize over time. For example, in a room containing a glass of melting ice, the difference in temperature between the warm room and the cold glass of ice and water is equalized by energy flowing as heat from the room to the cooler ice and water mixture.

  4. Second law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics

    A non-equilibrium statistical mechanics approach has also been used to obtain the same result as Planck, indicating it has wider significance and represents a non-equilibrium entropy. [64] A plot of K v versus frequency (v) for various values of temperature (T) gives a family of blackbody radiation energy spectra, and likewise for the entropy ...

  5. Entropy (statistical thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(statistical...

    Other systems have more than one state with the same, lowest energy, and have a non-vanishing "zero-point entropy". For instance, ordinary ice has a zero-point entropy of 3.41 J/(mol⋅K), because its underlying crystal structure possesses multiple configurations with the same energy (a phenomenon known as geometrical frustration).

  6. Introduction to entropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_entropy

    The absolute entropy (S) of a system may be determined using the third law of thermodynamics, which specifies that the entropy of all perfectly crystalline substances is zero at the absolute zero of temperature. [4] The entropy at another temperature is then equal to the increase in entropy on heating the system reversibly from absolute zero to ...

  7. Fundamental thermodynamic relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_thermodynamic...

    Here, U is internal energy, T is absolute temperature, S is entropy, P is pressure, and V is volume. This is only one expression of the fundamental thermodynamic relation. It may be expressed in other ways, using different variables (e.g. using thermodynamic potentials ).

  8. Thermal equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_equilibrium

    A system prepared as a mixture of petrol vapour and air can be ignited by a spark and produce carbon dioxide and water; if this happens in an isolated system, it will increase the temperature of the system, and during the increase, the system is not in thermal equilibrium; but eventually, the system will settle to a uniform temperature.

  9. Entropy (order and disorder) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(order_and_disorder)

    Unlike temperature, the putative entropy of a living system would drastically change if the organism were thermodynamically isolated. If an organism was in this type of "isolated" situation, its entropy would increase markedly as the once-living components of the organism decayed to an unrecognizable mass. [11]