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Chinese shamanism, alternatively called Wuism (Chinese: 巫教; pinyin: wū jiào; lit. 'wu religion', 'shamanism', 'witchcraft'; alternatively 巫觋宗教 wū xí zōngjiào), refers to the shamanic religious tradition of China. [1] [2] Its features are especially connected to the ancient Neolithic cultures such as the Hongshan culture. [3]
The Songs of the South: An Anthology of Ancient Chinese Poems by Qu Yuan and Other Poets. Translated by Hawkes, David. Penguin. ISBN 9780140443752. Hopkins, L.C. (1920). "The Shaman or Wu 巫: A Study in Graphic Camouflage". The New China Review. 2 (5): 423– 439. Hopkins, L.C. (1945). "The Shaman or Chinese Wu: His Inspired Dancing and ...
The Chinese classics of the Zhou dynasty, the Xunzi, the Records of the Grand Historian as well as others describe these figures as illustrious models for righteousness and virtue. Tang of Shang, as depicted by Ma Lin. Chinese tradition describes the first Shang king, Tang, as a religious and perspicacious figure in Chinese history. According ...
He is considered one of the main ancient Chinese astronomers alongside more historical figures such as Gan De and Shi Shen, the latter two of whom lived during the Warring States (403–221 BC). [1] He has also been represented as one of the "Three Astronomical Traditions" on the Dunhuang map which was made during the Tang dynasty (618–907).
Over time shaman healers, who were mainly illiterate, were replaced by doctors and medical experts who were trusted for their education and literacy. [5] Eventually, Shamanism was mostly isolated to cults in south-eastern and south-western parts of Ming China. During the Ming dynasty, Confucianism was at the center of China's philosophy and ...
The Manchu name for a shamanic shrine or altar to the spirits is tangse. [4] Because its Chinese equivalent tangzi (堂子) means "hall", it may seem that tangse was derived from Chinese, but only around 1660 did tangse start to be translated as tangzi. [5] Before that, it was rendered into Chinese as yemiao (謁廟), or "visitation temple". [5]
Certain characteristics of the Shang state religion have been identified as prefiguring later elements of Chinese bureaucratic culture. [16] [17] The Shang articulated an image of a supreme being that simultaneously led a body of lesser deities, including both ancestor and nature spirits, while also being a composite of all of them.
Ancient Chinese texts record that he wore a bearskin with four golden eyes, and carried a lance and shield to expel malevolent spirits. From the Han dynasty through the Tang dynasty (3rd century BCE to 10th century CE), fangxiangshi were official wu -shaman specialists in the imperially sanctioned Chinese state religion ; after the Tang, they ...