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Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
Side effect. In medicine, a side effect is an effect of the use of a medicinal drug or other treatment, usually adverse but sometimes beneficial, that is unintended. Herbal and traditional medicines also have side effects. A drug or procedure usually used for a specific effect may be used specifically because of a beneficial side-effect; this ...
Therapeutic index. The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1] The related terms therapeutic window or safety window refer to a ...
Pharmacology. An adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention, such as surgery. [ 1 ] An adverse effect may be termed a " side effect ", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect. The term complication is similar to adverse effect, but the latter is typically used in ...
Epinephrine (medication) Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a medication and hormone. [10][11] As a medication, it is used to treat several conditions, including anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, asthma, and superficial bleeding. [8] Inhaled epinephrine may be used to improve the symptoms of croup. [12] It may also be used for asthma when ...
Serious side effects may include heart disease, stroke, kidney problems, and stomach ulceration. [12] [7] Use is not recommended in the third trimester of pregnancy. [7] It is likely safe during breastfeeding. [12] Diclofenac is believed to work by decreasing the production of prostaglandins, like other drugs in this class. [13]
Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, [1] is an opioid pain medication and a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat moderately severe pain. [3][14] When taken by mouth in an immediate-release formulation, the onset of pain relief usually begins within an hour. [3]
Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, [1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. [8] It is a short-acting β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle. [8]