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Another important figure in dystopian literature is H. G. Wells, whose work The Time Machine (1895) is also widely seen as a prototype of dystopian literature. [2] [9] Wells' work draws on the social structure of the 19th century, providing a critique of the British class structure at the time. [16]
The political principles at the root of fictional utopias (or "perfect worlds") are idealistic in principle and result in positive consequences for the inhabitants; the political principles on which fictional dystopias are based, while often based on utopian ideals, result in negative consequences for inhabitants because of at least one fatal flaw.
This is a list of notable works of dystopian literature. A dystopia is an unpleasant (typically repressive) society, often propagandized as being utopian. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction states that dystopian works depict a negative view of "the way the world is supposedly going in order to provide urgent propaganda for a change in direction."
Dystopian thinking can similarly prompt societal engagement but in a manner distinct from utopian ideals. Dystopian societies, feared and avoided by individuals, stimulate preventive behaviors aimed at averting the realization of such nightmarish scenarios. [32]
Social science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction, usually (but not necessarily) soft science fiction, concerned less with technology or space opera and more with speculation about society. In other words, it "absorbs and discusses anthropology" and speculates about human behavior and interactions.
The Republic (ca. 300 BC) by Zeno of Citium, an ideal society based on the principles of Stoicism. Sacred History (ca. 300 BC) by Euhemerus – Describes the rational island paradise of Panchaea [5] Islands of the Sun (ca. 165–50 BC) by Iambulus – Utopian novel describing the features and inhabitants of the title Islands [6]
Please see the article dystopia for discussion of definition. Note that the definition of dystopia is not agreed by everyone, but it is usually considered to mean something much more specific than a nightmare world or unpleasant future. Entries should only be added to this category if their article clearly states that they are dystopian.
Social criticism can be expressed in a fictional form, e.g. in a revolutionary novel like The Iron Heel (1908) by Jack London, in dystopian novels like Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1932), George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 (1953), amd Rafael Grugman's Nontraditional Love (2008), or in children's books or films.