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The thenar eminence is the mound formed at the base of the thumb on the palm of the hand by the intrinsic group of muscles of the thumb. [1] The skin overlying this region is the area stimulated when trying to elicit a palmomental reflex. The word thenar comes from Ancient Greek θέναρ (thenar) 'palm of the hand'. [2]
Any movement of the thumb and wrist causes the patient pain, inflammation and swelling. The presence of anomalous or variant muscles in the fourth compartment may result in chronic dorsal wrist pain, a condition known as the fourth compartment syndrome. [4] Intersection syndrome can be caused by direct trauma to the second extensor compartment.
The opponens pollicis muscle is one of the three thenar muscles. [1] It originates from the flexor retinaculum of the hand and the tubercle of the trapezium.It passes downward and laterally, and is inserted into the whole length of the metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side.
The radial nerve innervates the finger extensors and the thumb abductor; that is, the muscles that extend at the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles) and abduct and extend the thumb. The median nerve innervates the flexors of the wrist and digits, the abductors and opponens of the thumb, the first and second lumbricals. The ulnar ...
The intrinsic muscles of the thumb can be divided into two groups; the thenar eminence and other muscles. The thenar eminence refers to the group of muscles on the palm at the base of the thumb. The three muscles composing the thenar eminence are the abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis. [5] The other two ...
Untreated, and over years to decades, CTS causes loss of sensibility, weakness, and shrinkage of the thenar muscles at the base of the thumb. Work-related factors such as vibration, wrist extension or flexion, hand force, and repetitive strain are risk factors for CTS. Other risk factors include being overweight, female, diabetes mellitus ...
Extensor pollicis longus extends the terminal phalanx of the thumb. While abductor pollicis brevis and adductor pollicis, both attached to the extensor pollicis longus tendon, can extend the thumb's interphalangeal joint to the neutral position, only extensor pollicis longus can achieve full hyperextension at the interphalangeal joint.
Lack of ability to abduct and oppose the thumb due to paralysis of the thenar muscles. This is called "ape-hand deformity". [3] Sensory loss in the thumbs, index fingers, long fingers, and the radial aspect of the ring fingers. Weakness in forearm pronation and wrist and finger flexion [2]