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Gibson was interested in the structures of the ambient optic array that are invariant, or structures that remain static regardless of the actions of the observer. For example, Gibson noted that the upper hemisphere of the array (the sky) tends to be much less structured and brighter than the lower hemisphere (the cluttered earth).
Gregory's ideas ran counter to those of the American direct realist psychologist J. J. Gibson, whose 1950 The Perception of the Visual World was dominant when Gregory was a younger man. Much in Gregory's work can be seen as a reply to Gibson's ideas, and as the incorporation of explicitly Bayesian concepts into the understanding of how sensory ...
Optical flow can be estimated in a number of ways. Broadly, optical flow estimation approaches can be divided into machine learning based models (sometimes called data-driven models), classical models (sometimes called knowledge-driven models) which do not use machine learning and hybrid models which use aspects of both learning based models and classical models.
Gibson argues that learning to perceive an affordance is an essential part of socialization. The theory of affordances introduces a "value-rich ecological object". [4] Affordances cannot be described within the value-neutral language of physics, but rather introduces notions of benefits and injuries to someone.
While Gibson may not have directly read William James' work, E. B. Holt was the connecting factor between the two. Holt's theory of molar behaviorism brought James's philosophy of radical empiricism into psychology. Heft argues that Gibson's work was an application of William James'. [5] Gibson believed that perception is direct and meaningful.
Ecological psychology is the scientific study of the relationship between perception and action, grounded in a direct realist approach. This school of thought is heavily influenced by the writings of Roger Barker and James J. Gibson and stands in contrast to the mainstream explanations of perception offered by cognitive psychology .
George A. Gibson (1922) "James Gregory’s mathematical work", Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 41: 2 to 25 & (second series) 1: 1 to 18. Christoph J. Scriba (1983) "Gregory’s converging double sequence: a new look at the controversy between Huygens and Gregory over the 'analytical' quadrature of the circle", Historia ...
For example, a person who is stubborn and inflexible in their personal relationships might graph her personality somewhere on the arc between dominance and love. However, a person who exhibits passive–aggressive tendencies might find herself best described on the arc between submission and hate.