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Alkylation transforms these byproducts into larger iso-paraffins molecules with a high octane number. The product of the unit, the alkylate, is composed of a mixture of high-octane, branched-chain paraffinic hydrocarbons (mostly isoheptane and isooctane).
Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT or MCMT) is an organomanganese compound with the formula (C 5 H 4 CH 3)Mn(CO) 3.Initially marketed as a supplement for use in leaded gasoline, MMT was later used in unleaded gasoline to increase the octane rating.
Octane is a hydrocarbon and also an alkane with the chemical formula C 8 H 18, and the condensed structural formula CH 3 (CH 2) 6 CH 3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the location of branching in the carbon chain .
During isomerisation, the low-octane normal hydrocarbons are converted into their higher-octane isomers. For this purpose, the feed material is passed over a fixed bed catalyst in the presence of hydrogen. The hydrogen is continuously circulated in the reactor circuit. [5] The Penex process uses fixed-bed catalysts containing chlorides. [6]
The octane rating of aviation gasoline was extremely important in determining aero engine performance in the aircraft of World War II. [3] The octane rating affected not only the performance of the gasoline, but also its versatility; the higher octane fuel allowed a wider range of lean to rich operating conditions. [3]
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DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), also known as triethylenediamine or TEDA, is a bicyclic organic compound with the formula N 2 (C 2 H 4) 3. This colorless solid is a highly nucleophilic tertiary amine base , which is used as a catalyst and reagent in polymerization and organic synthesis .