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Main article: Flavonoid biosynthesis. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly by plants. The general structure of flavonoids is a fifteen-carbon skeleton, containing two benzene rings connected by a three-carbon linking chain. [ 1 ] Therefore, they are depicted as C6-C3-C6 compounds.
Flavones. Molecular structure of the flavone backbone with numbers. Flavones (from Latin flavus "yellow") are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1- benzopyran -4-one) (as shown in the first image of this article). [1][2] Flavones are common in foods, mainly from spices, and some yellow or orange ...
Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. [2] The name has been used since 1857, and is derived from quercetum (oak forest), after the oak genus Quercus. [4] [5] It is a naturally occurring polar auxin transport inhibitor. [6] Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids, [2] [3] with an average daily consumption of 25 ...
Flavonols are a class of flavonoids that have the 3-hydroxyflavone backbone (IUPAC name: 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one). Their diversity stems from the different positions of the phenolic –OH groups. They are distinct from flavanols (with "a") such as catechin, another class of flavonoids, and an unrelated group of metabolically important ...
Flavonoid biosynthesis. Flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in which the amino acid phenylalanine is used to produce 4-coumaroyl-CoA. [1] This can be combined with malonyl-CoA to yield the true backbone of flavonoids, a group of compounds called chalcones, which contain two phenyl rings.
Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, with a yellow crystalline appearance. [1] Luteolin is the main yellow dye from the Reseda luteola plant, used for dyeing since at least the first millennium B.C. Luteolin was first isolated in pure form, and named, in 1829 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. [2][3][4] The luteolin empirical ...
As flavonoids, catechins can act as antioxidants when in high concentration in vitro, but compared with other flavonoids, their antioxidant potential is low. [4] The ability to quench singlet oxygen seems to be in relation with the chemical structure of catechin, with the presence of the catechol moiety on ring B and the presence of a hydroxyl ...
Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat, [ 7 ] the leaves and petioles of Rheum species, and asparagus. Tartary buckwheat seeds have been found to contain more rutin (about 0.8–1.7% dry weight) than common buckwheat seeds (0.01% dry weight). [ 7 ]