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Nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) is a molecule and chemical compound with chemical formula of N O. In mammals including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule involved in several physiological and pathological processes. [ 1 ] It is a powerful vasodilator with a half-life of a few seconds in the blood.
The endothelium (inner lining) of blood vessels uses nitric oxide to signal the surrounding smooth muscle to relax, resulting in vasodilation and increasing blood flow. [30] Sildenafil (Viagra) is a drug that uses the nitric oxide pathway.
Vasodilation is the result of relaxation in smooth musclesurrounding the blood vessels. This relaxation, in turn, relies on removing the stimulus for contraction, which depends on intracellular calcium ion concentrations and is tightly linked with phosphorylationof the light chain of the contractile protein myosin.
Nitric oxide acts as a vasodilator, which means it helps open blood vessels. As a result, many people take the precursor L-arginine for issues like erectile dysfunction and to improve heart health.
The Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is a strong vasodilator produced by cardiac endothelial cells in response to stress signals such as high levels of ADP accumulation or hypoxia. [ 1 ] Robert F. Furchgott is widely recognised for this discovery, even going so far as to be a co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Medicine with his ...
Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. It helps modulate vascular tone , insulin secretion, airway tone, and peristalsis , and is involved in angiogenesis and neural development.
These agents all exert their effect by being converted to nitric oxide in the body by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase , [8] and nitric oxide is a potent natural vasodilator. Nitroglycerin in three different forms: intravenous, sublingual spray, and the nitroglycerin patch.
However, with respect to vasculature, activation of M 3 on vascular endothelial cells causes increased synthesis of nitric oxide, which diffuses to adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells and causes their relaxation and vasodilation, thereby explaining the paradoxical effect of parasympathomimetics on vascular tone and bronchiolar tone.
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