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High-quality hydrochloric acid is used in the regeneration of ion exchange resins. Cation exchange is widely used to remove ions such as Na + and Ca 2+ from aqueous solutions, producing demineralized water. The acid is used to rinse the cations from the resins. [25] Na + is replaced with H + and Ca 2+ with 2 H +.
In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents). Upon contact, H 2 O and HCl combine to form hydronium cations [H 3 O] + and chloride anions Cl − through a reversible chemical reaction: HCl + H 2 O → [H 3 O] + + Cl −. The resulting solution is called hydrochloric acid and is a strong acid.
The solvent (e.g. water) is omitted from this expression when its concentration is effectively unchanged by the process of acid dissociation. The strength of a weak acid can be quantified in terms of a dissociation constant , K a {\displaystyle K_{a}} , defined as follows, where [ H ] {\displaystyle {\ce {[H]}}} signifies the concentration of a ...
A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide, at the same concentration, has a pH of 14. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of one in pH is equivalent to a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration.
Hydrochloric acid . This page provides supplementary chemical data on Hydrochloric acid. Material Safety Data Sheet. The handling of this chemical may incur notable ...
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [2] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase c {\displaystyle c} : [ 3 ]
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Express each concentration value as the ratio c/c 0, where c 0 is the concentration in a [hypothetical] standard state, with a numerical value of 1, by definition. [19] Express the concentrations on the mole fraction scale. Since mole fraction has no dimension, the quotient of concentrations will, by definition, be a pure number.