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Economists commonly use the term recession to mean either a period of two successive calendar quarters each having negative growth [clarification needed] of real gross domestic product [1] [2] [3] —that is, of the total amount of goods and services produced within a country—or that provided by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER): "...a significant decline in economic activity ...
Dumping, in economics, is a form of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade.It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price below the normal price with an injuring effect.
In economics, a duty is a target-specific form of tax levied by a state or other political entity. It is often associated with customs, in which context they are also known as tariffs or dues. The term is often used to describe a tax on certain items purchased abroad. [1]
The level of customs duties is a direct indicator of the openness of an economy to world trade. However, there may also be import barriers that are not based on the levy of duties. The following table shows the tariff rate, in percentages, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) , [ 1 ] World Trade Organization ...
The economic value of women's unpaid labor is not included in gross domestic product (GDP) or national income accounting indicators. For this reason, the invisibility of women's work makes analyzing the relationship between households and labor markets difficult.
An economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned. [48] business cycle. Also called the economic cycle or trade cycle. The downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. [49] The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction ...
If the home country imposes a 20% tariff on shoes, but no tariff on leather, shoes would sell for $180 in the home country, and the value added for the domestic shoe maker would increase by $30, from $50 to $80. The domestic shoe maker is afforded a 60% effective rate of protection per dollar of value added.
Countervailing duties (CVDs), also known as anti-subsidy duties, are trade import duties imposed under World Trade Organization (WTO). [1] They are applied following an investigation that determines a foreign country's subsidies on exports have harmed domestic producers in the importing country.