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There are no formal diagnostic criteria for TIC. Thus, TIC is typically diagnosed when (1) tests have excluded other causes of cardiomyopathy and (2) there is improvement in myocardial function after treatment of the tachycardia or arrhythmia. [1] [5] [6] Treatment of TIC can involve treating the heart failure as well as the tachycardia or ...
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are potassium channel blockers that cause QT prolongation and are associated with TdP. Amiodarone. Amiodarone works in many ways. It blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, as well as alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Because of its multiple actions, amiodarone causes QT prolongation but TdP is rarely ...
The peripheral autonomic nervous system, central nervous system and the heart are the main systems that are affected following overdose. [1] Initial or mild symptoms typically develop within 2 hours and include tachycardia, drowsiness, a dry mouth, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, confusion, agitation, and headache. [7]
Early afterdepolarizations can result in torsades de pointes, tachycardia, and other arrhythmias. [3] EADs can be triggered by hypokalemia and drugs that prolong the QT interval, including class Ia and III antiarrhythmic agents, as well as catecholamines. [1] Afterhyperpolarizations can also occur in cortical pyramidal neurons.
CCBs of the dihydropyridine group, as well as flunarizine, predominantly cause reflex tachycardia as a reaction to the low blood pressure. [4] [5] [6] Other potential symptoms include: nausea and vomiting, a decreased level of consciousness, and breathing difficulties. [2] Symptoms usually begin within 6 hours of taking the medication by mouth. [2]
There are several known causes of adrenergic storms; in the United States, cocaine overdose is the leading cause. [16] Any stimulant drug has the capacity to cause this syndrome if taken in sufficient doses, but even non-psychotropic drugs can very rarely provoke a reaction.
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Complications include hypertension and tachycardia. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include cocaine, amphetamine and compounds based upon amphetamine's structure such as ephedrine , methamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine. The bronchodilator salbutamol may also cause this toxidrome. It may appear very similar to the ...