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Modern English, sometimes called New English (NE) [2] or present-day English (PDE) as opposed to Middle and Old English, is the form of the English language that has been spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, which began in the late 14th century and was completed by the 17th century.
Late Modern English has many more words, arising from the Industrial Revolution and technologies that created a need for new words, as well as international development of the language. The British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the Earth's land surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.
The time of dialect use covered is, by and large, the Late Modern English period (1700–1903), [2] but given Wright's historical interest, many entries contain information on etymological precursors of dialect words in centuries as far back as Old English and Middle English.
Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) 425 million words, 1990–2011. Freely searchable online; Corpus Resource Database (CoRD), more than 80 English language corpora. [2] Coruña Corpus, a corpus of late Modern English scientific writing covering the period 1700–1900, developed by the Muste research group at the University of A Coruña
Henry Sweet: A New English Grammar, Logical and Historical (Part 1: Introduction, Phonology, and Accidence; Part 2: Syntax). [49] 1898. John Nesfield. A Manual of English Grammar and Composition. 1904–1929. Hendrik Poutsma: A Grammar of Modern English (5 volumes). [50] 1909–1932. Etsko Kruisinga: A Handbook of Present-day English [51] 1909 ...
Moving forward in time, the two Middle English vowels /a/ and /aː/ correspond directly to the two vowels /a/ and /ɛː/, respectively, in the Early Modern English of c. 1600 AD (the time of Shakespeare). However, each vowel has split into a number of different pronunciations in Modern English, depending on the phonological context.
Literature of the 20th century refers to world literature produced during the 20th century (1901 to 2000).. The main periods in question are often grouped by scholars as Modernist literature, Postmodern literature, flowering from roughly 1900 to 1940 and 1960 to 1990 [1] respectively, roughly using World War II as a transition point.
Modernist literature originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is characterised by a self-conscious separation from traditional ways of writing in both poetry and prose fiction writing. Modernism experimented with literary form and expression, as exemplified by Ezra Pound's maxim to "Make it new". [1]