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The leaf-shaped short swords were not limited to Greece, as mentioned, but can be found throughout Europe in the late Bronze Age under various names. [15] The early Celtic La Tène short sword, contemporary with the xiphos, had a virtually identical blade design as the xiphos. [16]
A typical variant for European swords is the "leaf shaped" blade, which was most common in North-west Europe at the end of the Bronze Age, on the British Isles in particular. The "carp's tongue sword" is a type of bronze sword that was common to Western Europe during ca. the 9th to 8th centuries BC.
Paintings of Ancient Macedonian soldiers, arms, and armaments, from the tomb of Agios Athanasios, Thessaloniki in Greece, 4th century BC. The primary weapon that was used by Greek troops was a two-to-three meter spear with a leaf-shaped blade at one end and a short spike at the other known as the doru.
Early ancient Roman swords were similar to those of the Greeks, called xiphe (pl., sg.: xiphos). From the 3rd century BC, however, the Romans adopted a weapon based on the sword of the Celtiberians of Hispania in service to Carthage during the Punic Wars, known in Latin as the gladius hispaniensis, meaning "Hispanic-type sword".
The flat leaf-shaped spearhead was composed of iron and its weight was counterbalanced by an iron butt-spike. [3] [4] [5] (cf Sarissa) The point part of the spear was called αἰχμή and ἀκωκή and λόγχη. [6] The rear of the spear was capped with a spike called a sauroter (Greek: σαυρωτήρ).
Chart illustrating 61 morphological terms describing leaf shape, margins and venation. While Diliff's mega-panoramas are a hard act to follow, I thought I would throw the metaphorical hat into the ring with this illustration. I created it with the desire to make a richly encyclopedic image/poster with lots of information about leaf morphology.
The specific epithet is taken from the Greek words xiphos meaning sword and phyllon meaning leaf in reference to the shape of the phyllodes. [1] The plant is similar in appearance to Acacia intorta and Acacia eremaea and is thought to be closely related on Acacia hamersleyensis. [3]
Xiphosura (/ z ɪ f oʊ ˈ sj ʊər ə /; [2] from Ancient Greek ξίφος (xíphos) 'sword' and οὐρά (ourá) 'tail', in reference to its sword-like telson) is an order of arthropods related to arachnids.