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  2. Symbiogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiogenesis

    Consequently, the chromosomes of many eukaryotes contain genes that originated from the genomes of mitochondria and plastids. [71] Mitochondria and plastids contain their own ribosomes; these are more similar to those of bacteria (70S) than those of eukaryotes. [74] Proteins created by mitochondria and chloroplasts use N-formylmethionine as the ...

  3. Thylakoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylakoid

    The molecular mechanism of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) generation in chloroplasts is similar to that in mitochondria and takes the required energy from the proton motive force (PMF). [citation needed] However, chloroplasts rely more on the chemical potential of the PMF to generate the potential energy required for ATP synthesis.

  4. Plastid evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastid_evolution

    Most plastids are photosynthetic, thus leading to color production and energy storage or production. There are many types of plastids in plants alone, but all plastids can be separated based on the number of times they have undergone endosymbiotic events. Currently there are three types of plastids; primary, secondary and tertiary.

  5. Plastid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastid

    In land plants, the plastids that contain chlorophyll can perform photosynthesis, thereby creating internal chemical energy from external sunlight energy while capturing carbon from Earth's atmosphere and furnishing the atmosphere with life-giving oxygen. These are the chlorophyll-plastids—and they are named chloroplasts; (see top graphic).

  6. Eukaryote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote

    Mitochondria are essentially universal in the eukaryotes, and with their own DNA somewhat resemble prokaryotic cells. Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondrion is commonly called "the powerhouse of the cell", [ 30 ] for its function providing energy by oxidising sugars or fats to produce the energy-storing molecule ATP .

  7. Endosymbiont - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosymbiont

    The most common examples of obligate endosymbiosis are mitochondria and chloroplasts; however, they do not reproduce via mitosis in tandem with their host cells. Instead, they replicate via binary fission, a replication process uncoupled from the host cells in which they reside.

  8. The Incredible Reason Sloths Grow Algae on Their Fur - AOL

    www.aol.com/incredible-reason-sloths-grow-algae...

    The video. While humans wouldn’t be very happy to find that organisms were growing on their skin, particularly fungi, algae, and insects, it works out pretty well for sloths. Sloths may be ...

  9. Mitochondrial DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

    Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. These organelles, found in all eukaryotic cells, are the powerhouse of the cell. [1] The mitochondria, and thus mitochondrial DNA, are passed exclusively from mother to offspring through the egg cell.