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In his research for the Genocide Convention, Raphael Lemkin proposed that distribution of alcohol was one of several tools (such as forced relocations, destruction of cultural symbols, and "re-education" of children) by which European-American colonists committed cultural genocide in North America.
Statistically, the incidence of alcohol use disorder among survivors of trauma is significantly elevated, with survivors of physical, emotional and sexual abuse in childhood having the highest rates of alcohol use disorder. [35] [36] However, at least one recent study refutes the belief that Native Americans drink more than white Americans.
Excess alcohol consumption is widespread in Native American communities. Native Americans use and misuse alcohol and other illicit substances at younger ages, and at higher rates, than that of all other ethnic groups. [90] Consequently, their age-adjusted alcohol-related mortality rate is 5.3 times greater than the general population.
Alcoholism is a particular issue among Native American women. General statistics indicate that Native American women drink less than men; however, specific tribal social norms and location cause this to vary among individuals. [34] As a result, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder rates are higher than the national average in some tribes. [35]
According to research on alcoholism in Native American populations, "the problem of alcohol abuse is now defined as one that is both foreign to and destructive of the traditional culture" [51] Native American youth show higher rates of drinking and drug use than most other racial or ethnic groups and those that live on reservations are at the ...
European colonization of the Americas had a major impact on Native American cultures through what is known as the Columbian exchange. Also known as the Columbian interchange , this was the spread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries ...
Also known as Drowning Bear, Yonaguska (1759–1839) was a leader of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina. [21] In 1819, after several years of alcoholism, Yonaguska experienced a vision and decided to ban alcohol from the community. [22]
Other miscellaneous factors leading to alcohol dependence [40] included the rapidity with which the alcohol reaches the brain ("gives a high"); jobs such as journalism that encourage drinking because they have no daily structure; drinking behaviour in one's social group; legal availability of alcohol; cost of alcohol; and social stability—in ...