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Shoulder arthritis is a clinical condition in which the joint that connects the ball of the arm bone (humeral head) to the shoulder blade socket (glenoid) has damaged or worn out cartilage. Normally the ends of the bone are covered with hyaline articular cartilage , a surface so smooth that the friction at the joint is less than that of an ice ...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. [5] [6] It is believed to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world, affecting 1 in 7 adults in the United States alone. [7]
While age [25] and BMI [28] are the main risk factors for osteoarthritis, contributors such as joint trauma and mechanical overloading of joints or joint-instability can accelerate or exacerbate the condition. OA caused by secondary factors such as joint injury or damage to the subchondral bone is referred to as secondary osteoarthritis.
More than 32.5 million adults in the United States have osteoarthritis and it becomes more common with age. Bone on bone: An overview of osteoarthritis types, risks and treatments Skip to main content
Risk factors include bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism, and the use of high-dose steroids. [1] The condition may also occur without any clear reason. [1] The most commonly affected bone is the femur (thigh bone). [1] Other relatively common sites include the upper arm bone, knee, shoulder, and ankle. [1]
Several factors contribute to the development of arthritis, differing on the type of arthritis. [2] [6] Osteoarthritis occurs from damage to joint cartilage from prior injury or long-term wear-and-tear, resulting in bone-to-bone contact and grinding. [6] The resulting arthritis can occur over years, or be worsened by further injury or infection ...
Osteosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classifying osteosclerotic disorders. [1] [2] It can manifest in localized or generalized osteosclerosis.
Bone marrow edema is usually caused by or associated with pre-existing conditions. Numerous epidemiological studies in patients with bone marrow edema have found certain patterns of characteristics among the participants; for example, certain medical conditions such as osteoporosis are substantial risk factors for developing bone marrow edema. [39]