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The Urdu alphabet (Urdu: اُردُو حُرُوفِ تَہَجِّی, romanized: urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has co-official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
The name Urdu was first introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. [29] [30] As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. [80] [81] While Urdu retained the grammar and core Indo-Aryan vocabulary of the local Indian dialect Khariboli, it adopted the Perso-Arab writing system, written in the Nastaleeq style.
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Shahmukhi script is a modified version of the Arabic script's Persian alphabet. It is identical to the Urdu alphabet, but contains additional letters representing the Punjabi phonology. For writing Saraiki, an extended Shahmukhi is used that includes 4 additional letters for the implosive consonants (ٻ, ڄ, ݙ, ڳ). [12]
Kids Bolo has pioneered the use of Roman Urdu in both print and digital formats to teach Urdu [10]. Their approach includes illustrated books written in Roman Urdu [11] and interactive online conversation classes, which simplify language learning for students familiar with the Latin alphabet but not the traditional Urdu script [12]. This ...
By the 15th century, Sharada had evolved so considerably that epigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name, Dēvāśēṣa. [26] Tarlochan Singh Bedi (1999) prefers the name prithamă gurmukhī, or Proto-Gurmukhī. It was through its recording in Gurmukhi that knowledge of the pronunciation and grammar of the Old Punjabi ...
- Added letter Noon Ghunna. - Named the numerals as pronounced in Urdu. - Followed ISO:15919 convention for Romanization. - Arranged letters and numerals in a tabular grid. 07:12, 20 January 2010: 1,000 × 1,000 (430 KB) Faizhaider: added numerals. 14:09, 13 January 2010: 1,000 × 1,250 (406 KB) Faizhaider * Minor spelling corrections of name.
The Urdu alphabet is a right-to-left alphabet. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which is itself a derivative of the Arabic alphabet. With 38 letters, the Urdu alphabet is typically written in the calligraphic Nasta'liq script. Sindhi adopted a variant of the Persian alphabet as well, in the 19th century. The script is used in ...