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  2. Current sensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_sensing

    Fluxgate sensors or Saturable inductor current sensors work on the same measurement principle as Hall-effect-based current sensors: the magnetic field created by the primary current to be measured is detected by a specific sensing element. The design of the saturable inductor current sensor is similar to that of a closed-loop Hall-effect ...

  3. Spacecraft magnetometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_magnetometer

    The majority of early fluxgate magnetometers on spacecraft were made as vector sensors. However, the magnetometer electronics created harmonics which interfered with readings. Properly designed sensors had feedback electronics to the detector that effectively neutralized the harmonics. Mariner 1 and Mariner 2 carried fluxgate-vector sensor ...

  4. Vera C. Rubin Observatory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_C._Rubin_Observatory

    The second and third mirrors reduce the primary mirror's light-collecting area to 35 square meters (376.7 sq ft), equivalent to a 6.68-meter-diameter (21.9 ft) telescope. [6] Multiplying this by the field of view produces an étendue of 336 m 2 ⋅degree 2 ; the actual figure is reduced by vignetting .

  5. Magnetosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere

    The magnetosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary magnetosphere in the Solar System, extending up to 7,000,000 kilometers (4,300,000 mi) on the dayside and almost to the orbit of Saturn on the nightside. [17] Jupiter's magnetosphere is stronger than Earth's by an order of magnitude, and its magnetic moment is approximately 18,000 times ...

  6. Magnetohydrodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamics

    Electron Magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) describes small scales plasmas when electron motion is much faster than the ion one. The main effects are changes in conservation laws, additional resistivity, importance of electron inertia. Many effects of Electron MHD are similar to effects of the Two fluid MHD and the Hall MHD.

  7. Magnetotellurics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetotellurics

    Magnetotellurics (MT) is an electromagnetic geophysical method for inferring the earth 's subsurface electrical conductivity from measurements of natural geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation at the Earth's surface. Investigation depth ranges from 100 m below ground by recording higher frequencies down to 200 km or deeper with long-period ...

  8. Thermopile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermopile

    This voltage output from the sensor's thermopile is initially calibrated in order to relate it to heat flux. A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. [1] It is composed of several thermocouples connected usually in series or, less commonly, in parallel. Such a device works on the principle of the ...

  9. Magnetosphere particle motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere_particle_motion

    Magnetosphere particle motion. A sketch of Earth's magnetic field representing the source of Earth's magnetic field as a magnet The North Pole of Earth is near the top of the diagram, the South Pole near the bottom. Notice that the South Pole of that magnet is deep in Earth's interior below Earth's North Magnetic Pole.