Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A phase frequency detector (PFD) is an asynchronous circuit originally made of four flip-flops (i.e., the phase-frequency detectors found in both the RCA CD4046 and the motorola MC4344 ICs introduced in the 1970s). The logic determines which of the two signals has a zero-crossing earlier or more often.
A phase detector characteristic is a function of phase difference describing the output of the phase detector. For the analysis of Phase detector it is usually considered the models of PD in signal (time) domain and phase-frequency domain. [1] In this case for constructing of an adequate nonlinear mathematical model of PD in phase-frequency ...
Phase-frequency detector dynamics. Phase-frequency detector (PFD) is triggered by the trailing edges of the reference (Ref) and controlled (VCO) signals. The output signal of PFD () can have only three states: 0, +, and .
You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same, thus a phase-locked loop can also track an input frequency.
Ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) is an analytical chemistry method that separates gas phase ions based on their interaction with a collision gas and their masses. In the first step, the ions are separated according to their mobility through a buffer gas on a millisecond timescale using an ion mobility spectrometer .
The operation of a lock-in amplifier relies on the orthogonality of sinusoidal functions.Specifically, when a sinusoidal function of frequency f 1 is multiplied by a sinusoidal function of another frequency f 2 and integrated over a time much longer than the period of the two functions, the result is close to zero.
This is either done by driving the sensor with the deflection signal phase shifted by 90°, or by using an advanced phase-locked loop which can lock to a specific phase. [4] The microscope can then use the change in resonant frequency ( Δ {\displaystyle \Delta } f) as the SPM reference channel, either in feedback mode , or it can be recorded ...