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DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) is an email authentication method designed to detect forged sender addresses in email (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam. DKIM allows the receiver to check that an email that claimed to have come from a specific domain was indeed authorized by the owner of that domain. [1]
ARC-Authentication-Results (abbreviated AAR) - A combination of an instance number (i) and the results of the SPF, DKIM, and DMARC validation; ARC-Seal (abbreviated AS) - A combination of an instance number (i), a DKIM-like signature of the previous ARC-Seal headers, and the validity of the prior ARC entries.
Email authentication is a necessary first step towards identifying the origin of messages, and thereby making policies and laws more enforceable. Hinging on domain ownership is a stance that emerged in the early 2000. [3] [4] It implies a coarse-grained authentication, given that domains appear on the right part of email addresses, after the at ...
DMARC operates by checking that the domain in the message's From: field (also called "RFC5322.From" [2]) is "aligned" with other authenticated domain names.If either SPF (specified using the aspf field) or DKIM (specified using the adkim field) alignment checks pass, then the DMARC alignment test passes.
Domainkeys, DKIM's predecessor, had an Outbound Signing policy consisting of a single character, "-" if a domain signs all email, and "~" otherwise. [10] DKIM intentionally avoided signers' policies considerations, so that DKIM does not validate a message's "From" field directly, but is a policy-neutral authentication protocol. The association ...
DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) – an email authentication method designed to detect forged sender addresses in email (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam. Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) – an email authentication protocol. It is designed to give email domain owners the ...
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Another possibility is to store the long rewritten address somewhere in the message header. The i= tag of a DKIM-Signature may be a good place, as such choice considerably improves the security, and this technique has been observed. [5] Unless there is a backup mechanism, it can only work if the bounce message is in a standard format. [6]