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Congressionally-imposed limits on the size of the Army officer corps, an extremely low turnover (resignations, retirements, and dismissals), and a "hump" of over-age officers in the middle grades caused by aborted provisions in the National Defense Act of 1920 caused a significant logjam in promotions during the interwar period.
The Officer Personnel Act of 1947 gave the Army its first up-or-out promotion system, eliminating officers after a maximum number of years in each grade. Before 1947, Army officers were promoted by seniority up to the grade of colonel, with a mandatory retirement age of 60 for colonels, 62 for brigadier generals, and 64 for major generals.
DOPMA standardized four-star appointments across all services, replacing the previous service-specific mechanisms. Under the Officer Personnel Act, four-star officers held that grade ex officio while serving in a position of importance and responsibility designated to carry that grade, and upon vacating that position reverted to two-star major general or rear admiral, the highest permanent ...
The US Army chief of staff promoted eight Army general officers on Thursday, marking nearly the end of the monthslong delay of general officer promotions and confirmations due to a hold by ...
The four-star insignia of a Space Force general is displayed at the promotion ceremony for General B. Chance Saltzman, November 2, 2022.. Modern four-star officer appointments are governed by the unified officer promotion framework established by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980, as amended.
Sen. Tommy Tuberville, R-Ala., has for months held back promotions for over 250 high-ranking military officers over a Defense Department policy that pays for the travel expenses of service members ...
The Joint Chiefs of Staff in May 2024. Clockwise from left: George, Smith, Franchetti, Allvin, Saltzman, Hokanson, Grady, and Brown. Although four-star officers appeared in organizations like the Continental Army before the United States of America was founded in 1776, the legislative history of four-star officers in the United States uniformed services began in 1799, when Congress authorized ...
The promotion was effective on July 4, 1976, the bicentennial of the Declaration of Independence. Although Pershing accepted the rank in 1919 and technically had a date of rank that preceded Washington's, the new law specified that no other officer of the United States Army should ever outrank Washington, including Pershing. Hence, effective ...