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When these glands are active, they leave the nose and paw pads slightly moist and help these specialized skin features maintain their functional properties. [4] The odor associated with dog paw pads is much more noticeable on dogs with moist paw pads than on those with dry pads. Dogs also have numerous apocrine glands in their external ear ...
The violet gland or supracaudal gland is a gland located on the upper surface of the tail of certain mammals, including European badgers and canids such as foxes, wolves, [1] and the domestic dog, [2] as well as the domestic cat. [3] Like many other mammalian secretion glands, the violet gland consists of modified sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
As dogs grow older, their performance and ability to learn new smells is reduced. Female dogs have a greater sense of smell than males. A variety of diseases can decrease a dog's sense of smell, such as canine distemper and nasal mites. Dogs have an enhanced sense of smell when fed a high-fat, low-protein diet. There are a number of theories ...
A dogs acuity to a scent group is so refined they are able to discriminate humans by odour [7] and can even match certain scents to specific body parts of an individual. [8] Scent discrimination is most proficient while a human odour is fresh and becomes more difficult once an odour starts to fade. [6]
Pheromone-containing secretions from the preorbital gland may serve to establish an animal's dominance (especially in preparation for breeding), [4] mark its territory, or simply to produce a pleasurable sensation to the animal. [5] Because of its critical role in scent marking, the preorbital gland is usually considered as a type of scent gland.
Amphibians such as frogs and toads produced water-soluble pheromones using their breeding glands. [24] Mammals such as dolphins release water-soluble pheromones in their excretions, while pinnipeds have scent glands around the vibrissae and hindquarters that are thought to produce pheromones. [14] Chemical signals are detected using ...
The rice-field rat (Rattus rattoides) displays self-anointing behaviour in response to the anal-gland secretions of the weasel Mustela sibirica; however, they do not respond to the faeces and urine of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Juvenile rats born in the laboratory with no experience of weasels also display self-anointing behaviour.
Dogs can have a violet gland (or supracaudal gland) characterized by sebaceous glands on the dorsal surface of their tails; in some breeds, it may be vestigial or absent. The enlargement of the violet gland in the tail, which can create a bald spot from hair loss , can be caused by Cushing's disease or an excess of sebum from androgens in the ...