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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure.
Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type. [1] It is the most common disease to be known as food poisoning (though the name refers to food-borne illness in general), these are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food.
The 1937 Croydon typhoid outbreak, also known as the Croydon epidemic of typhoid fever, [1] was an outbreak of typhoid fever in Croydon, Surrey, now part of London, in 1937. It resulted in 341 cases of typhoid (43 fatal), and it caused considerable local discontent leading to a media campaign and a public inquiry.
Typhoid Mary, pictured above in a 1909 tabloid, was a famous case of a subclinical infection of Salmonella enterica serovar. A subclinical infection —sometimes called a preinfection or inapparent infection —is an infection by a pathogen that causes few or no signs or symptoms of infection in the host . [ 1 ]
The chlorination of public drinking water led to the sharp reduction of typhoid in developed nations. [8] In typhoid-endemic countries, Typhoid vaccines have been shown to prevent 40 to 90% of cases during the first two years, [ 9 ] and may have some effect for up to seven years.
Where the mothers develop the disease between 5 days prior to, or 2 days after delivery. [17]: 110 Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Viral Untreated 26% Dengue haemorrhagic fever is also known as severe dengue. [33] [34] Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) Viral No cure [15–30]% No specific treatment; usually involves supportive care. [35]
Supportive treatment Leishmaniasis: Sandfly: Leishmania (protozoan) Fever, damage to the spleen and liver, and anaemia: South hemisphere and Mediterranean Countries: Treatment of infected Lyme disease: Tick: Borrelia burgdorferi (bacterium) Deer, human: Bull's-eye pattern skin rash around bite, fever, chills, fatigue, body aches, headache ...
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in ...