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There are methods that a subclass cannot override. For example, in Java, a method that is declared final in the super class cannot be overridden. Methods that are declared private or static cannot be overridden either because they are implicitly final. It is also impossible for a class that is declared final to become a super class. [9]
Covariant return types have been (partially) allowed in the Java language since the release of JDK5.0, [2] so the following example wouldn't compile on a previous release: // Classes used as return types: class A { } class B extends A { } // "Class B is narrower than class A" // Classes demonstrating method overriding: class C { A getFoo ...
If a trait requires the consuming class to provide certain methods, the trait cannot know if those methods are semantically equivalent to the trait's needs. For some dynamic languages, such as Perl, the required method can only be identified by a method name, not a full method signature, making it harder to guarantee that the required method is appropriate.
In the Java computer programming language, an annotation is a form of syntactic metadata that can be added to Java source code. [1] Classes, methods, variables, parameters and Java packages may be annotated. Like Javadoc tags, Java annotations can be read from source files.
Subclasses in strongly typed languages (C++, Java, C#, etc.) often have to override all methods from their superclass that participate in a fluent interface in order to change their return type. For example:
Actual implementation happens outside Java code, and such methods have no body. strictfp - Declares strict conformance to IEEE 754 in carrying out floating-point operations. synchronized - Declares that a thread executing this method must acquire monitor. For synchronized methods the monitor is the class instance or java.lang.Class if the ...
In Java, this will mean that the method in the derived class will implicitly override the method in the base class, even though that may not be the intent of the designers of either class. To mitigate this, C# requires that if a method is intended to override an inherited method, the override keyword must be specified. Otherwise, the method ...
The template method is used in frameworks, where each implements the invariant parts of a domain's architecture, while providing hook methods for customization. This is an example of inversion of control. The template method is used for the following reasons. [3] It lets subclasses implement varying behavior (through overriding of the hook ...