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Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) - cownose stingray teeth & skeletal mouthparts (public display, Greater Cleveland Aquarium, Cleveland, Ohio, USA). I've seen fossil stingray teeth several times, but never understood them until now. The aquarium display shown above is the skeletal mouth remains of a modern cownose stingray.
Cownose ray teeth and mouthparts. Stingray teeth consist of interlocking bars (dental plates) that crush food. The cownose ray exhibits a durophagous diet, meaning it feeds upon hard-shelled organisms, such as mollusks , crustaceans , but they prefer scallops or clams , which have softer shells and are categorized as bivalves . [ 2 ]
The bizarre Lessiniabatis of Early Eocene Italy. Permineralized stingray teeth have been found in sedimentary deposits around the world as far back as the Early Cretaceous.The oldest known stingray taxon is "Dasyatis" speetonensis from the Hauterivian of England, whose teeth most closely resemble that of the extant sixgill stingray (Hexatrygon).
The pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, and the sole member of its genus.It is characterized by the wedge-like shape of its pectoral fin disc, which is much wider than long, as well as by the pointed teeth in both sexes, whip-like tail with extremely long tail spine, and uniform violet to blue-green coloration.
A bluespotted ribbontail ray in Komodo National Park, Indonesia. The bluespotted ribbontail ray was originally described as Raja lymma by Swedish naturalist Peter Forsskål, in his 1775 Descriptiones Animalium quae in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772, 1773, et 1774 suscepto collegit, observavit, et delineavit Joannes Reinlioldus Forster, etc., curante Henrico Lichtenstein. [2]
The teeth are small with a deep groove across the crown and are arranged in a dense quincunx pattern into flattened surfaces. [10] The pelvic fins are small and narrow. [8] The tail is relatively short, not exceeding the width of the disc, and bears one (rarely two) long, serrated stinging spine on the upper surface.
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The frontmost teeth served to snag and pull prey further into the mouth, while the middle teeth spear, and the hind teeth served to puncture and bring prey further into the throat, with the prey being squeezed between the whorl and the two halves of the palatoquadrate. The labial cartilage served to buttress and provide support to the whorl. [9]