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Others (such as many Unix media players) may read files from standard input. Popular Windows programs that open a separate console window in addition to their GUI windows are the emulators pSX and DOSBox. GTK-server can use stdin as a communication interface with an interpreted program to realize a GUI.
The rule is that any redirection sets the handle to the output stream independently. So "2>&1" sets handle 2 to whatever handle 1 points to, which at that point usually is stdout. Then ">" redirects handle 1 to something else, e.g. a file, but it does not change handle 2, which still points to stdout.
The Linux tee command was written by Mike Parker, Richard Stallman, and David MacKenzie. [5] The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities. [6] The FreeDOS version was developed by Jim Hall and is licensed under the GPL. [7]
path. The argument specifies the path name of the file to execute as the new process image. Arguments beginning at arg0 are pointers to arguments to be passed to the new process image. The argv value is an array of pointers to arguments. arg0. The first argument arg0 should be the name of the executable file. Usually it is the same value as the ...
It does this by searching for an executable or script in the directories listed in the environment variable PATH. The which command is part of most Unix-like computers. It is also part of the C Shell. [6] A which command first appeared in 3BSD. [7] Carlo Wood developed the GNU implementation used in most Linux-based operating systems. [8]
If pushd is not provided with a path argument, in Unix it instead swaps the top two directories on the stack, which can be used to toggle between two directories. The popd command removes (or 'pops', in the stack analogy) the current path entry from the stack and returns to the path at the top of the stack as the new working directory. [4] [5]
PATH is an environment variable on Unix-like operating systems, DOS, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows, specifying a set of directories where executable programs are located. In general, each executing process or user session has its own PATH setting.
While Bash was developed for UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems, such as GNU/Linux, it is also available on Android, macOS, Windows, and numerous other current and historical operating systems. [12] "Although there have been attempts to create specialized shells, the Bourne shell derivatives continue to be the primary shells in use."