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Quantum programs in Cirq are represented by "Circuit" which is made up of a series of "Moments" representing slices of quantum gates that should be applied at the same time. [4] The programs can be executed on local simulators [ 5 ] or against hardware supplied by IonQ , Pasqal , [ 6 ] Rigetti , and Alpine Quantum Technologies [ 7 ]
Quantum chemistry computer programs are used in computational chemistry to implement the methods of quantum chemistry. Most include the Hartree–Fock (HF) and some post-Hartree–Fock methods. They may also include density functional theory (DFT), molecular mechanics or semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods .
In gate-based quantum computing, various sets of quantum logic gates are commonly used to express quantum operations. The following tables list several unitary quantum logic gates, together with their common name, how they are represented, and some of their properties.
Checking if a set of quantum gates is universal can be done using group theory methods [18] and/or relation to (approximate) unitary t-designs [19] Some universal quantum gate sets include: The rotation operators R x (θ), R y (θ), R z (θ), the phase shift gate P(φ) [c] and CNOT are commonly used to form a universal quantum gate set. [20] [d]
The following table is split into two groups based on whether it has a graphical visual interface or not. The latter requires a separate program to provide that feature, such as Qucs-S, [1] Oregano, [2] or a schematic design application that supports external simulators, such as KiCad or gEDA.
Qiskit is made of elements that work together to enable quantum computing. The central goal of Qiskit is to build a software stack that makes it easier for anyone to use quantum computers, regardless of their skill level or area of interest; Qiskit allows users to design experiments and applications and run them on real quantum computers and/or classical simulators.
Quantum programming is the process of designing or assembling sequences of instructions, called quantum circuits, using gates, switches, and operators to manipulate a quantum system for a desired outcome or results of a given experiment.
Other examples of quantum logic gates derived from classical ones are the Toffoli gate and the Fredkin gate. However, the Hilbert-space structure of the qubits permits many quantum gates that are not induced by classical ones. For example, a relative phase shift is a 1 qubit gate given by multiplication by the phase shift operator: