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Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
A study of the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database, which contains over 80,000 men, found that the relative risk of gynecomastia in cimetidine users was 7.2 relative to non-users. [52] People taking a dosage of cimetidine of greater than or equal to 1,000 mg showed more than 40 times the risk of gynecomastia than non-users. [ 52 ]
When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. [4] They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. [5] Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole". There is a purported correlation (but no proven causal link) between the use of PPIs and the risk of dementia ...
[9] [10] This use is on the label in the UK and some other countries. It is also used off-label in the treatment of cyclical vomiting syndrome in infants; the only evidence for this use comes from retrospective studies. [11] Cyproheptadine is sometimes used off-label to improve akathisia in people on antipsychotic medications. [12]
In a study on men of Japanese ancestry, this has translated to an average increase of total drug exposure by 50–60% compared to men in the United States. [ 22 ] However, rabeprazole's metabolism is primarily non-enzymatic (it is often inactivated chemically, without the participation of the body's natural drug metabolizing enzymes ).
Therefore, PPIs are often routinely prescribed for cirrhotic patients to treat GERD and prevent variceal bleeding. However, it has been recently shown that long term use of PPIs in patients with cirrhosis increases the risk of SBP and is associated with the development of clinical decompensation and liver-related death during long-term follow ...
Women with diabetes may get the strongest cardiovascular protection from GLP-1 agonists. Image credit: Kathryn Gamble for The Washington Post via Getty Images. This article originally appeared on ...
Sucralfate is a locally acting substance that in an acidic environment (pH < 4) reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form a cross-linking, viscous, paste-like material capable of acting as an acid buffer for as long as 6 to 8 hours after a single dose. [29]