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Aboriginal grinding grooves, or axe-grinding grooves, have been found across the Australian continent. [3] The working edge of the hatchet or axe was sharpened by rubbing it against an abrasive stone, eventually leading to the creation of a shallow oval -shaped groove over time, [ 4 ] The grooves vary in length from 80 mm (3.1 in) up to 500 mm ...
The basic anatomy of a millstone. This is a runner stone; a bedstone would not have the "Spanish Cross" into which the supporting millrind fits. Millstones or mill stones are stones used in gristmills, used for triturating, crushing or, more specifically, grinding wheat or other grains. They are sometimes referred to as grindstones or grinding ...
Senenu Grinding Grain, c. 1352–1336 BC. The royal scribe Senenu appears here bent over a large grinding stone. This unusual sculpture seems to be an elaborate version of a shabti, a funerary figurine placed in the tomb to work in place of the deceased. Brooklyn Museum. The basic anatomy of a millstone. The diagram depicts a runner stone.
Stone slab in east-central California used to grind acorns. In archaeology, a grinding slab is a ground stone artifact generally used to grind plant materials into usable size, though some slabs were used to shape other ground stone artifacts. [1] Some grinding stones are portable; others are not and, in fact, may be part of a stone outcropping.
Quern-stones are stone tools for hand-grinding a wide variety of materials, especially for various types of grains. They are used in pairs. The lower stationary stone of early examples is called a saddle quern, while the upper mobile stone is called a muller, rubber, or handstone. The upper stone was moved in a back-and-forth motion across the ...
In archaeology, ground stone is a category of stone tool formed by the grinding of a coarse-grained tool stone, either purposely or incidentally. Ground stone tools are usually made of basalt , rhyolite , granite , or other cryptocrystalline and igneous stones whose coarse structure makes them ideal for grinding other materials, including ...
Metate, and mano. A Mano, a smooth hand-held stone, is used against a metate, typically a large stone with a depression or bowl.The movement of the Mano against the metate consists of a circular, rocking or chopping grinding motion using one or both hands.
Horse or donkey-powered stone mills at Pompeii. The donkey or horse-driven rotary mill was a 4th-century BC Carthaginian invention, with possible origins in Carthaginian Sardinia . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Two Carthaginian animal-powered millstones built using red lava from Carthaginian-controlled Mulargia in Sardinia were found in a 375–350 BC shipwreck ...