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X-rays of hip dysplasia are one of the two main methods of medical imaging to diagnose hip dysplasia, the other one being medical ultrasonography. [1] [2] Ultrasound imaging yields better results defining the anatomy until the cartilage is ossified. When the infant is around 3 months old a clear roentgenographic image can be achieved.
Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. [1] Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. [1] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. [3]
The Galeazzi test, also known as the Allis sign, is used to assess for hip dislocation, primarily in order to test for developmental dysplasia of the hip.It is performed by flexing an infant's knees when they are lying down so that the feet touch the surface and the ankles touch the buttocks.
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The Barlow maneuver is a physical examination performed on infants to screen for developmental dysplasia of the hip. It is named for Dr. Thomas Geoffrey Barlow (September 25, 1915 – May 25, 1975), an English orthopedic surgeon, who devised this test. It was clinically tested during 1957–1962 at Hope Hospital, Salford, Lancashire. [1]
Hip dysplasia is a congenital condition in which the hip is deformed in a way that decreases the congruency between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis. [22] Bony congruence is a stabilizing factor to the hip joint, so the decrease in this conferred by hip dysplasia makes one more susceptible to dislocation.
Evaluating the position of the triradiate cartilage on an AP radiograph of the pelvis with both Perkin's line and Hilgenreiner's line can help establish a diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip.
A dysplasia is a disorder at the organ level that is due to problems with tissue development. [16] Conditions also can arise after tissue is formed: A deformation is a condition arising from mechanical stress to normal tissue. [16] Deformations often occur in the second or third trimester, and can be due to oligohydramnios. [citation needed]