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The concept of street-level bureaucracy was popularized by Michael Lipsky in 1980. He argued that "policy implementation in the end comes down to the people who actually implement it". [ 2 ] He argued that state employees such as police and social workers should be seen as part of the "policy-making community" and as exercisers of political power .
The former HR manager, who left Google in 2020, said bureaucracy was to blame for Google's problems. This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Jordan Thibodeau, a former Google and ...
administrative – "feature an autonomous operating core; usually in an institutionalized bureaucracy like a government department or standing agency" [10] operational – solves problems on behalf of its clients [10] Alvin Toffler claimed in his book Future Shock that adhocracies will get more common and are likely to replace bureaucracy. He ...
The term bureaucracy originated in the French language: it combines the French word bureau – ' desk ' or ' office ' – with the Greek word κράτος (kratos) – ' rule ' or 'political power'. [7] The French economist Jacques Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay coined the word in the mid-18th century. [8]
Clifford Dwight Waldo (September 28, 1913 – October 27, 2000) was an American political scientist and major figure in modern public administration. [1] Waldo's career was often directed against a scientific/technical portrayal of bureaucracy and government that now suggests the term public management as opposed to public administration. [2]
Fourth, according to a British tabloid, kleptocrats may use their illegally laundered funds to engage in reputation laundering, hiring public relations firms to present a positive public image and lawyers to suppress journalistic scrutiny of their political connections and the origins of their wealth.
"work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion", the number of workers within public administration, bureaucracy or officialdom tends to grow, regardless of the amount of work to be done. This was attributed mainly to two factors: that officials want subordinates, not rivals, and that officials make work for each other.
Most importantly, we’re putting 95% of decision-making in the hands of the people actually doing the work. This means many fewer managers and layers, and replacing hierarchical annual budgets ...