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[183] [better source needed] Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues. [184] [better source needed] However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned, was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among Freemasons in ...
The Better Angels of our Nature: Freemasonry in the American Civil War (U of Alabama Press, 2010) excerpt; Hernández, Miguel. The Ku Klux Klan and Freemasonry in 1920s America: Fighting Fraternities (Taylor Francis, 2019) Hinks, Peter P. et al. All Men Free and Brethren: Essays on the History of African American Freemasonry (Cornell UP, 2013).
Continental or Liberal Freemasonry in North America encompasses the rich tapestry of Masonic lodges and Grand Lodges (also called Grand Orients) across the United States, Canada and Mexico that embrace the principles of the liberal masonic tradition. In contrast to the conservative tradition, Liberal Freemasonry welcomes a broader spectrum of ...
The Freemasons were especially influential and counted such prestigious members as Ben Franklin and George Washington during the revolutionary era. They experienced a precipitous decline after the Morgan Affair led to a moral panic against secret societies, [ 2 ] but had largely recovered by the 1850s, [ 3 ] albeit slowly.
The Allied Masonic Degrees, a group of five formerly independent degrees, are conferred by invitation only. Candidates are required to be Master Masons, Royal Arch Masons and Mark Masons. Members may also be invited to join the Order of Knight Masons. The Order meets in Councils and is administrated from Mark Masons' Hall, London.
In the UK, the term "Light Blue Lodge" typically refers to a Craft Lodge which focuses on new and young masons or any Freemasons begin their journey. The name "Light Blue" comes from the color of the aprons worn by new members and young Masons, which are light blue, symbolizing the early stages of their Masonic journey.
Job's Daughters International is a Masonic affiliated youth organization for girls and young women aged 10 to 20. The organization is commonly referred to as simply Job's Daughters, and sometimes abbreviated as JDI (or IOJD, referring to its longtime former name, International Order of Job's Daughters).
The history of Freemasonry encompasses the origins, evolution and defining events of the fraternal organisation known as Freemasonry.It covers three phases. Firstly, the emergence of organised lodges of operative masons during the Middle Ages, then the admission of lay members as "accepted" (a term reflecting the ceremonial "acception" process that made non-stone masons members of an operative ...