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The Debian CDs available for download contain Debian repositories. This allows non-networked machines to be upgraded. One can also use apt-zip. Problems may appear when several sources offer the same package(s). Systems that have such possibly conflicting sources can use APT pinning to control which sources should be preferred.
The current Linux manual pages for su define it as "substitute user", [9] making the correct meaning of sudo "substitute user, do", because sudo can run a command as other users as well. [10] [11] Unlike the similar command su, users must, by default, supply their own password for authentication, rather than the password of the target user.
The wheel group is a special user group used on some Unix systems, mostly BSD systems, [citation needed] to control access to the su [4] [5] or sudo command, which allows a user to masquerade as another user (usually the super user). [1] [2] [6] Debian and its derivatives create a group called sudo with purpose similar to that of a wheel group. [7]
It is also possible to use polkit to execute commands with elevated privileges using the command pkexec followed by the command intended to be executed (with root permission). [9] However, it may be preferable to use sudo , as this command provides more flexibility and security, in addition to being easier to configure.
Debian-Installer is a system installer for Debian and its derivatives. It originally appeared in Skolelinux (Debian-Edu) 1.0, [ 2 ] released in June 2004, but is now used as the official installation system since Debian 3.1 (Sarge), which was released on June 6, 2005.
It is developed for the Debian Linux distribution, and is closely integrated with Debian's package management system, dpkg. When packages are being installed, debconf asks the user questions which determine the contents of the system-wide configuration files associated with that package.
[7] These commands are only effective in the long-run if the user makes the changes persistent. However, the settings the user can set via hdparm are reverted each time the system is rebooted. Therefore, it might be wise to restore the personal settings upon boot. An appropriate place that exists in most Linux distributions is the /etc/rc.local ...
passwd is a command on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and most Unix-like operating systems used to change a user's password.The password entered by the user is run through a key derivation function to create a hashed version of the new password, which is saved.