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Mosquito-borne flaviviruses also encode viral antagonists to the innate immune system in order to cause persistent infection in mosquitoes and a broad spectrum of diseases in humans. [25] The data on transmissibility via insect vectors of hepatitis C virus, also belonging to family Flaviviridae (as well as for hepatitis B virus, belonging to ...
Mosquitoes are vectors for a large number of diseases, the large majority being viral in nature. Mosquito-borne viruses fall into four major groups: Bunyavirales, Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, and Reoviridae. They can present as either arbovirus encephalitis or viral hemorrhagic fevers.
For example, the human body louse transmits the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii which causes epidemic typhus. Although invertebrate-transmitted diseases pose a particular threat on the continents of Africa, Asia and South America, there is one way of controlling invertebrate-borne diseases, which is by controlling the invertebrate vector.
Lyme disease; Plague; West Nile virus; Many factors affect the incidence of vector-borne diseases. These factors include animals hosting the disease, vectors, and people. [21] Humans can also be vectors for some diseases, such as Tobacco mosaic virus, physically transmitting the virus with their hands from plant to plant. [citation needed]
The vector carrying the highest number of diseases is the mosquito, which is responsible for the tropical diseases dengue and malaria. [17] Many different approaches have been taken to treat and prevent these diseases. NIH-funded research has produced genetically modify mosquitoes that are unable to spread diseases such as malaria. [18]
Filariasis is a filarial infection caused by parasitic nematodes (roundworms) spread by different vectors. They are included in the list of neglected tropical diseases. The most common type is lymphatic filariasis caused by three species of Filaria that are spread by mosquitoes.
An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...
Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue viruses known to be in the tropical regions. [49] It is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes, or A. aegypti. [50] Dengue incidence has increased in the last few decades and is projected to continue to do so with changing climate conditions. [51] Dengue can be fatal.