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Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes, although not necessarily identical. [4] There are two main properties of homologous chromosomes: 1) the length of chromosomal arms and 2) the placement of the centromere. [5]
For instance, sequences homologous to mouse chromosome 1 are primarily on human chromosomes 1 and 2, but also 6, 8, and 18. The X chromosome is almost completely syntenic in both species. [1] In genetics, the term synteny refers to two related concepts: In classical genetics, synteny describes the physical co-localization of genetic loci on the ...
[1] [2] Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by determining the chromosome complement of an individual, including the number of chromosomes and any abnormalities. Micrographic karyogram of human male using Giemsa staining Schematic karyogram demonstrating the basic knowledge needed to read a karyotype
The ssDNA complexed with DMC1 can pair with homologous ssDNA from another chromosome during the synopsis stage of meiosis to form a joint molecule, a central step in homologous recombination. Thus the BRC repeat sequences of BRCA2 appear to play a key role in recombinational repair of DNA damages during meiotic recombination.
The independent orientation of homologous chromosome pairs along the metaphase plate during metaphase I and orientation of sister chromatids in metaphase II, this is the subsequent separation of homologs and sister chromatids during anaphase I and II, it allows a random and independent distribution of chromosomes to each daughter cell (and ...
Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes ...
The search for the homologous target, helped by numerous proteins collectively referred as the synaptonemal complex, cause the two homologs to pair, between the leptotene and the pachytene phases of meiosis I. [4] Resolution of the DNA recombination intermediate into a crossover exchanges DNA segments between the two homologous chromosomes at a ...
In genetics, a chiasma (pl.: chiasmata) is the point of contact, the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes. At a given chiasma, an exchange of genetic material can occur between both chromatids, what is called a chromosomal crossover, but this is much more frequent during meiosis than mitosis. [1]