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Islamic regional cartography is usually categorized into three groups: that produced by the "Balkhī school", the type devised by Muhammad al-Idrisi, and the type that are uniquely found in the Book of curiosities. [3] The maps by the Balkhī schools were defined by political, not longitudinal boundaries and covered only the Muslim world.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years. The early Muslim conquests that occurred following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE led to the creation of the caliphates, expanding over a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces expanding over vast territories and building imperial structures over time.
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
A particularly harsh demonstration of Islamic decline was the dismemberment of most of the Muslim Ottoman Empire by non-Muslim European colonial powers towards the end of the 19th century saw . [33] The empire had spent massive sums on Western civilian and military technology to try to modernize and compete with the encroaching European powers ...
However, the crusades started a new thinking in the Islamic empires, that non-Islamic ideas were immoral or inferior; this was primarily perpetrated by the ulama (علماء) scholars. [29] Arabian culture took off during the early Abbasid age, despite the prevalent political issues.
Islamic cultures or Muslim cultures refers to the historic cultural practices that developed among the various peoples living in the Muslim world.These practices, while not always religious in nature, are generally influenced by aspects of Islam, particularly due to the religion serving as an effective conduit for the inter-mingling of people from different ethnic/national backgrounds in a way ...