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Shown is a diagram of pathological hypertrophy reducing EDV and SV. The thickening of the ventricular muscle results in decreased chamber compliance. As a result, LV pressures are elevated, the ESV is increased, and the EDV is decreased, causing an overall reduction in cardiac output. There are two exceptions to this.
Because greater EDVs cause greater distention of the ventricle, EDV is often used synonymously with preload, which refers to the length of the sarcomeres in cardiac muscle prior to contraction . An increase in EDV increases the preload on the heart and, through the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart, increases the amount of blood ejected ...
A Wiggers diagram modified from [1]. A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century.
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat. Stroke volume is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (called end-systolic volume [note 1]) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (called end-diastolic volume).
Cardiac function curve.In diagrams illustrating the Frank–Starling law of the heart, the y-axis often describes the stroke volume, stroke work, or cardiac output.The x-axis often describes end-diastolic volume, right atrial pressure, or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.
The values are organized in a format that makes them readable by a thermodynamic calculation program or for use in a spreadsheet. For example, the Excel-based thermodynamic database FREED creates the following type of datafile, here for a standard pressure of 1 atm. Thermodynamic datafile for MgCl 2 (c,l,g) from FREED. Some values have ...
Modalities applied to measurement of ejection fraction is an emerging field of medical mathematics and subsequent computational applications. The first common measurement method is echocardiography, [7] [8] although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [8] [9] cardiac computed tomography, [8] [9] ventriculography and nuclear medicine (gated SPECT and radionuclide angiography) [8] [10 ...
Preload can still be approximated by the inexpensive echocardiographic measurement end-diastolic volume or EDV. Preload increases with exercise (slightly), increasing blood volume (as in edema, excessive blood transfusion (overtransfusion), polycythemia) and neuroendocrine activity (sympathetic tone). An arteriovenous fistula can increase ...