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  2. Last universal common ancestor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor

    Its genetic material was most likely DNA, [15] so that it lived after the RNA world. [a] [18] The DNA was kept double-stranded by an enzyme, DNA polymerase, which recognises the structure and directionality of DNA. [19] The integrity of the DNA was maintained by a group of repair enzymes including DNA topoisomerase. [20]

  3. Evidence of common descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent

    The history of the camel provides an example of how fossil evidence can be used to reconstruct migration and subsequent evolution. The fossil record indicates that the evolution of camelids started in North America (see figure 4e), from which, six million years ago, they migrated across the Bering Strait into Asia and then to Africa, and 3.5 ...

  4. Timeline of the evolutionary history of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the...

    Paraceratherium appears in the fossil record, the largest terrestrial mammal that ever lived. First pelicans. 25 Ma Pelagornis sandersi appears in the fossil record, the largest flying bird that ever lived. 25 Ma First deer. 24 Ma First pinnipeds. 23 Ma Earliest ostriches, trees representative of most major groups of oaks have appeared by now ...

  5. Protists in the fossil record - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protists_in_the_fossil_record

    However, fossil evidence is scant, and only with the evolution of the diatoms themselves do the heterokonts make a serious impression on the fossil record. The earliest known fossil diatoms date from the early Jurassic (~185 Ma ago), [59] although the molecular clock [59] and sedimentary [60] evidence suggests an earlier

  6. Introduction to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution

    A very large number of fossils have now been discovered and identified. These fossils serve as a chronological record of evolution. The fossil record provides examples of transitional species that demonstrate ancestral links between past and present life forms. [45]

  7. Fossil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil

    The fossils themselves are referred to as the fossil record. The fossil record was one of the early sources of data underlying the study of evolution and continues to be relevant to the history of life on Earth. Paleontologists examine the fossil record to understand the process of evolution and the way particular species have evolved.

  8. Molecular paleontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_paleontology

    Mitochondrial DNA (also known as mtDNA) was sequenced from desiccated muscle of the quagga, and was found to differ by 12 base substitutions from the mitochondrial DNA of a mountain zebra. It was concluded that these two species had a common ancestor 3-4 million years ago, which is consistent with known fossil evidence of the species. [28]

  9. Molecular evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_evolution

    Molecular evolution describes how inherited DNA and/or RNA change over evolutionary time, and the consequences of this for proteins and other components of cells and organisms. Molecular evolution is the basis of phylogenetic approaches to describing the tree of life. Molecular evolution overlaps with population genetics, especially on shorter ...