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  2. Spasmodic dysphonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmodic_dysphonia

    These spasms make it difficult for the vocal folds to vibrate and produce voice. Words are often cut off or are difficult to start because of the muscle spasms. Therefore, speech may be choppy but differs from stuttering. The voice of an individual with adductor spasmodic dysphonia is commonly described as strained or strangled and full of effort.

  3. List of voice disorders - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_voice_disorders

    Voice disorders [1] are medical conditions involving abnormal pitch, loudness or quality of the sound produced by the larynx and thereby affecting speech production. These include: These include: Vocal fold nodules

  4. Essential tremor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_tremor

    Essential tremor (ET), also called benign tremor, familial tremor, and idiopathic tremor, is a medical condition characterized by involuntary rhythmic contractions and relaxations (oscillations or twitching movements) of certain muscle groups in one or more body parts of unknown cause. [6]

  5. Dystonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia

    Can be caused by Chlorpromazine. Oromandibular dystonia: muscles of the jaw and muscles of tongue: Causes distortions of the mouth and tongue. Spasmodic dysphonia/Laryngeal dystonia muscles of larynx: Causes the voice to sound broken, become hoarse, sometimes reducing it to a whisper. Focal hand dystonia (also known as musician's or writer's ...

  6. Hyperkinesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperkinesia

    Tremors are symmetric about a midpoint within the movement, and both portions of the movement occur at the same speed. Unlike the other hyperkinetic movements, tremors lack both the jerking associated movements and posturing. [4] Essential tremor (ET), also known as benign essential tremor, or familial tremor, is the most common movement ...

  7. Vocal cord paresis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cord_paresis

    Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle.

  8. List of animal sounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animal_sounds

    Certain words in the English language represent animal sounds: the noises and vocalizations of particular animals, especially noises used by animals for communication. The words can be used as verbs or interjections in addition to nouns, and many of them are also specifically onomatopoeic.

  9. Ataxia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia

    Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.