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2. Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

   Due to its porosity, earthenware is susceptible to moisture and creates problems including cracks, breaks and mold growth. Porcelain and stoneware are fired at the highest temperatures between 1200–1400°C or 2192–2552°F. Porcelain clay mixtures are fired to create a non-porous and very hard surface.

3. Vitreous enamel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_enamel

   The powder melts, flows, and then hardens to a smooth, durable vitreous coating. The word vitreous comes from the Latin vitreus, meaning "glassy". Enamel can be used on metal, glass, ceramics, stone, or any material that will withstand the fusing temperature. In technical terms fired enamelware is an integrated layered composite of glass and ...

4. Craquelure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craquelure

   Painting systems are composed of complex layers with unique mechanical properties that depend on the type of drying oil or paint medium used and the presence of paint additives, such as organic solvents, surfactants, and plasticizers. Understanding the mechanism of craquelure formation in paint and the resulting crack morphology provides ...

5. Filler (materials) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler_(materials)

   Filler can have a negative or positive effect on fatigue resistance depending on the filler type and shape. In general fillers create small discontinuities in the matrix. This can contribute to crack initiation point. If the filler is brittle fatigue resistance will be low, whereas if the filler is very ductile the composite will be fatigue ...

6. Conservation and restoration of paintings - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

   The aging of a paintings supports and ground will also impact the paint layer. For example, cracks can form in a gesso ground due to the embrittlement and movement of its support, then become visible in the paint film. [22] Tempera can develop cracks over time that are visible to the naked eye, and flaking caused by air bubbles.

7. Epoxy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxy

   These systems provide a tough, protective coating with excellent hardness. One part epoxy coatings are formulated as an emulsion in water, and can be cleaned up without solvents. Epoxy coatings are often used in industrial and automotive applications since they are more heat resistant than latex-based and alkyd-based paints.

8. Anti-scratch coating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-scratch_coating

   Anti-scratch coating is a type of protective coating or film applied to an object's surface for mitigation against scratches. Scratches are small surface-level cuts left on a surface following interaction with a sharper object. Anti-scratch coatings provide scratch resistances by containing tiny microscopic materials with scratch-resistant ...

9. Surfactants in paint - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactants_in_paint

   Binders are the film forming component of a paint as it dries and affects the durability, gloss, and flexibility of the coating. Polyurethanes, polyesters, and acrylics are all examples of common binders. The solvent is the medium in which all other components of the paint are dissolved and evaporates away as the paint dries and cures. The ...