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The Seljuk Empire united the fractured political landscape in the non-Arab eastern parts of the Muslim world and played a key role in both the First and Second Crusades; it also bore witness to in the creation and expansion of multiple artistic movements during this period [19] By the 1140s, the Seljuk Empire began to decline in power and ...
The siege began when the Seljuk ruler of Iraq, Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud, attacked the caliph al-Rashid Billah. During the siege, the populace of Baghdad rose in revolt against the caliph, plundering the Tāhirid palace. In the end, al-Rashid fled to the city for Mosul, where he abdicated the caliphate.
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids [1] [2] (/ ˈ s ɛ l dʒ ʊ k / SEL-juuk; Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian, [3] alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, [4] Seljuk Turkomans [5] or the Saljuqids, [6] was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture [7] [8] in West Asia and Central Asia.
A map showing the Seljuk Empire at its height, upon the death of Malik Shah I in 1092. The Seljuk Empire (Persian: آل سلجوق, romanized: Āl-e Saljuq, lit. 'House of Saljuq') or the Great Seljuq Empire [229] [230] [231] was a high medieval Turko-Persian [232] Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks. [233]
The Battle of Qatwan (Chinese: 卡特萬之戰) was fought in September 1141 between the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) and the Seljuk Empire and its vassal-state the Kara-Khanid Khanate. The battle ended in a decisive defeat for the Seljuks, signaling the beginning of the end of the Great Seljuk Empire.
Initially successful having driven off the Seljuk forces, the Ghaznavid army began squabbling over the spoils. [8] The Seljuk, led by Chaghri, returned and fell upon the disorganized Ghaznavids and defeated them. [8] As a result, Ma'sud entitled the Seljuk to three cities in Khurasan: Dihistan, Nasa, and Farawa. [9]
The Abbasids were henceforth a mere figurehead in the Islamic world. The Seljuk Turks, spurred on by their previous success, now launched an attack on the Levant and against Fatimid Egypt, which lost Jerusalem in 1071. [8] When the Seljuk Turks did encounter the Byzantines, they had chosen a good time to attack.
A Seljuk prince, Ridwan, ruled Aleppo when the crusaders reached northern Syria in 1097. [5] His conflicts with his brother, Duqaq, the ruler of Damascus, enabled the crusaders to lay siege to Antioch. [5] Ridwan and Duqaq led separate relieving armies to the town, but the crusaders defeated both. [6]